What negotiating leverage do Taiwan semiconductor manufacturers have under the US onshoring trend?

Taiwan's leverage comes from three dimensions. First is "irreplaceability"—Taiwan has accumulated decades of advantages in advanced process nodes, yield management, and a complete industrial ecosystem that cannot be easily replicated overseas, even with US subsidy incentives. Second is "technological firewall"—Taiwan can choose to transfer only next-generation (N-1) technology overseas while retaining the most advanced nodes (N-generation) on the island, creating structural technological leverage. Third is "cost advantage"—Taiwan's manufacturing cost superiority remains significant, and although US-mandated onshore production provides psychological reassurance, it inevitably brings efficiency losses and cost increases. These conditions position Taiwan in a relatively advantageous negotiating stance, rather than simply passively absorbing policy pressure.