The article identifies three main risks. First, technological isolation: restricting cross-border collaboration too heavily may disconnect the U.S. from global innovation flows—including equipment, materials, and downstream integration—actually slowing technological progress. Second, supply chain fragility: treating 'domestic substitution' as the goal rather than building robust mutual interdependence means that when geopolitical shocks or natural disasters strike, a highly concentrated domestic production capacity becomes more vulnerable. Third, resource misallocation: large-scale subsidies and tax incentives supporting domestic wafer fabs may crowd out investment in other innovation sectors, damaging overall competitiveness in the long term. If policymakers see only the sense of security from 'increased self-sufficiency' while overlooking these three costs, they may end up protecting a weaker industrial structure.